Rental numbers for ZIP 23231 (Henrico, VA)
Negative cash flow at today's 7.78% investor rate with 25% down; the typical home breaks even at about 1.4%.
- Gross yield
- 6.0%
- rent x 12 / price
- Est. cap rate
- 3.0%
- NOI / price
- Cash flow
- -$956/mo
- at 7.78%, 25% down
- Typical price
- $336,000
- Zillow ZHVI, Aug 2026
- Typical rent
- $1,678/mo
- Zillow ZORI, Aug 2026
The pro forma
Typical home, default assumptions
| Operator | Line | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gross rent | $20,136 | ||
| Vacancy | $1,007 | ||
| Management | $1,530 | ||
| Property tax | $2,177 | ||
| Insurance | $1,844 | ||
| Maintenance | $3,355 | ||
| Net operating income | $10,222 | ||
| Loan payments | $21,695 | ||
| Cash flow | -$11,472 |
| Operator | Line | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Typical price | $335,502 | ||
| Down payment (25%) | $83,876 | ||
| Loan | $251,627 | ||
| Rate | 7.78% | ||
| Monthly payment | $1,808 | ||
| Cash in | $93,941 | ||
| Cash-on-cash return | -12.2% | ||
| DSCR | 0.47 | ||
| Break-even rate | 1.36% |
Assumptions
Change them in the calculator- Down payment25%
- A common minimum for investment-property and DSCR loans.
- Interest rate7.78%
- Freddie Mac 30-year 7.03% (week of 2026-09-24) + 0.75 point investor premium.
- Loan term30 years
- Fixed, fully amortising.
- Closing costs3% of price
- Added to cash invested.
- Insurance$1,844 a year
- NAIC 2023 average homeowners (HO-3) premium for Virginia, $1,537, x 1.2 for a landlord policy.
- Maintenance1% of price a year
- The 1% rule of thumb; older homes run higher.
- Vacancy5% of rent
- About 18 days empty a year.
- Management8% of collected rent
- A typical full-service fee; zero if you self-manage.
Trends
Five years to August 2026
- Price, 12 months
- +2.3%
- Rent, 12 months
- +3.4%
- Rent minus price growth
- +1.1 pts
- positive means yields are improving
Show the numbers
| Month | Typical value | Rent |
|---|---|---|
| Aug 2021 | $256,726 | n/a |
| Aug 2022 | $303,782 | $1,375 |
| Aug 2023 | $317,341 | $1,432 |
| Aug 2024 | $323,822 | $1,556 |
| Aug 2025 | $327,900 | $1,622 |
| Aug 2026 | $335,502 | $1,678 |
Rent references
Two sources, never blended
| Source | Studio | 1 bed | 2 bed | 3 bed | 4 bed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HUD Small Area FMR, FY2026 | $1,340 | $1,400 | $1,540 | $1,950 | $2,410 |
| Zillow observed rent, Aug 2026 | $1,678 typical, all home types | ||||
HUD's Fair Market Rent is the 40th percentile gross rent (rent plus utilities) for a standard unit, and it is what Section 8 vouchers pay against. Zillow's index tracks asking rents on listed homes. The two measure different things, so they are shown side by side and never averaged. HUD area: Richmond, VA HUD Metro FMR Area.
Property tax
- Effective rate
- 0.65%
- ZIP area, ACS
- At the typical price
- $2,177/yr
Median real estate taxes paid divided by median home value, Census ACS 2020 to 2024. Henrico County: 0.71%. Actual bills depend on the assessment, exemptions and any non-homestead rate.
Supply
- Permits per 1,000 households
- 13.9
- Henrico County, last 12 months
- National percentile
- 81th
- among US counties
1,908 new housing units permitted in 2025-09 to 2026-08, Census Building Permits Survey. A high figure means more new supply competing for tenants.
Nearby ZIP codes
| ZIP | Distance | Typical price | Rent | Gross yield | Cash flow /mo |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 23150Sandston | 5.3 mi | $321,000 | $1,540* | 5.8% | -$986 |
| 23836Chester | 6.3 mi | $440,000 | $1,855 | 5.1% | -$1,507 |
| 23075Highland Springs | 8.0 mi | $259,000 | $1,666 | 7.7% | -$474 |
| 23237Bellwood | 8.3 mi | $329,000 | $1,871 | 6.8% | -$765 |
| 23234Richmond | 8.3 mi | $312,000 | $1,570 | 6.0% | -$921 |
| 23223Richmond | 8.7 mi | $298,000 | $1,494 | 6.0% | -$878 |
| 23224Richmond | 9.2 mi | $245,000 | $1,536 | 7.5% | -$508 |
| 23219Richmond | 9.5 mi | $363,000 | $1,566 | 5.2% | -$1,380 |
* HUD Fair Market Rent, 2 bedroom (no Zillow rent index for that ZIP).
Run the numbers on a real listing
The calculator opens with this ZIP's figures. Swap in a listing's price and rent, your rate and your costs.
Open the calculator for 23231Questions
- Is 23231 good for rental property?
- On the typical home here, priced at $336,000 and renting for $1,678 a month (Zillow ZORI, Aug 2026), the gross yield is 6.0% and the estimated cap rate is 3.0%. At a 7.78% investor rate with 25% down, estimated cash flow is -$956 a month. The median gross yield across the 8,418 ZIP codes with full Zillow data is 5.6%. These are figures for a typical property, not a judgement on any particular one.
- What is the typical rent in 23231?
- Zillow's observed rent index for 23231 was $1,678 a month in August 2026, across all home types. HUD's FY2026 Small Area Fair Market Rent for a 2-bedroom here is $1,540, the 40th percentile of gross rents and the basis for Section 8 payment standards.
- What is the property tax rate in 23231?
- The effective property tax rate is about 0.65% of value (median taxes paid divided by median home value, Census ACS 2020 to 2024). On the typical $336,000 home that is about $2,177 a year. Your bill depends on the assessment and local exemptions.
- What interest rate makes a rental in 23231 break even?
- About 1.36%. Below that rate, the typical home here cash-flows with 25% down and the default costs; above it, it does not. Today's investor rate used here is 7.78%.
- How fast are prices and rents changing in 23231?
- Over the 12 months to August 2026, the typical home value changed +2.3% and the typical rent changed +3.4%. Rents rising faster than prices pushes yields up.
Sources and method
- Zillow Home Value Index (ZHVI), mid tier, smoothed and seasonally adjusted
Zillow Research. Read: 2026-08.
Typical home value by ZIP, county, metro and state, and the price trend.
- Zillow Observed Rent Index (ZORI), all homes plus multifamily, smoothed
Zillow Research. Read: 2026-08.
Typical market rent by ZIP, county and metro, and the rent trend (tier A pages).
- HUD Small Area Fair Market Rents, FY2026
US Department of Housing and Urban Development. Read: FY2026.
Rent by bedroom count for every ZIP. The rent used on tier B pages, and a reference on all pages. It is the 40th percentile gross rent, so it runs below market.
- American Community Survey 5-year estimates, 2020 to 2024 (B25103 median real estate taxes paid, B25077 median home value, B11001 households)
US Census Bureau. Read: 2020 to 2024.
Effective property tax rate (median taxes paid divided by median value) by ZIP code tabulation area, county and state; households for the permits ratio.
- Freddie Mac Primary Mortgage Market Survey, 30-year fixed (FRED series MORTGAGE30US)
Freddie Mac via the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. Read: 2026-09-24.
The weekly 30-year rate. The site adds a disclosed investor premium to it for the loan payment.
- Building Permits Survey, county monthly files
US Census Bureau. Read: 2025-09 to 2026-08.
New housing units permitted in the last 12 months per 1,000 households, a supply-pressure signal.
- NAIC Homeowners Insurance Report, data for 2023
National Association of Insurance Commissioners. Read: 2023.
Average HO-3 homeowners premium by state, multiplied by 1.2 as a landlord-policy assumption.
Data: Zillow Research (ZHVI, ZORI), HUD, US Census Bureau, Freddie Mac. Every formula is on the methodology page.
Estimates from public data for a typical property. Not investment, tax or legal advice. Your property, financing and costs will differ.